Appearance | suspension |
Color | slightly beige |
Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
MDL | MFCD00131567 |
Hazard Symbols | Xi - Irritant |
Risk Codes | 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
Safety Description | S22 - Do not breathe dust. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
WGK Germany | 3 |
HS Code | 35079090 |
Reference Show more | 1. [IF=3.412] Liu Yang et al."Physiological responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germination to elevated ammonium concentrations: reserve mobilization, sugar utilization, and antioxidant metabolism."Plant Growth Regul. 2017 Mar;81(2):209-220 2. [IF=5.545] Feng Wang et al."Glutamate over-accumulation may serve as an endogenous indicator of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle suppression under NH4 nutrition in wheat seedlings."Environ Exp Bot. 2020 Sep;177:104130 Note: For some products, our company can only provide some information, we do not guarantee the authority of the information provided, only for the reference and exchange of customers. storage conditions: 2-8℃ Appearance: White amorphous powder Thermal stability :< 60 ℃ (pH7.5, 15min) pH Stability :4.0~8.0(25 ℃,20hr) optimal temperature: 55 ℃ optimal pH: 9.0 Electric point: 4.9 Molecular weight: 34 kDa (SDS-PAGE) |
EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
Overview | malate dehydrogenase (MDH) belongs to the class of oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37. Catalyzes the reversible oxidative dehydrogenation of malic acid to oxaloacetate. There are two types of MDH isozymes in human tissues, namely, m-MDH in mitochondria and c-MDH in cytoplasm. m-MDH in the mitochondria mainly catalyzes the dehydrogenation (oxidation) of malic acid, which is one of the important enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and plays an important role in the complete oxidation or Mutual Transformation of nutrients in the body; c-MDH located in the cytosol, mainly catalyzes the hydrogenation (reduction) of oxaloacetic acid, which is an important enzyme in the malic acid shuttle system to ensure the complete oxidation capacity of NADH generated by glycolysis in the cytosol into the mitochondria. MDH is most abundant in myocardium, skeletal muscle and kidney. |
Application | malate dehydrogenase (MDH) exists in all organisms and is one of the key enzymes of biological sugar metabolism, it can catalyze the reversible conversion between malic acid and oxaloacetic acid. MDH plays an important role in a variety of physiological activities of cells, including the energy metabolism of mitochondria and the metabolism of reactive oxygen species in plants, which has high theoretical research and economic significance. For example, MDH isozymes are involved in different cellular physiological metabolic pathways: cyMDH is associated with pyruvate carboxylation branches and is associated with non-autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation; mitMDH is a key enzyme in the TCA cycle, providing energy; microbody MDH is associated with photorespiration or glyoxylic acid cycle; Chloroplast MDH fixes carbon dioxide mainly in photosynthesis. In agricultural production, aluminum toxicity in acidic soils is a major limiting factor for crop growth. The study found that in order to improve the absorption of phosphorus in soil by plants, plant molecular improvement breeding was carried out through genetic engineering. For example, after the overexpression of MDH gene in alfalfa, the absorption of organic acids in Transgenic alfalfa was enhanced, in order to improve the adaptation to acidic soils and resistance to aluminum toxicity. However, when MDH is highly expressed, the increase of organic acid content in plants can increase the osmotic pressure of cells and can chelate and remove some ions, thus improving the tolerance of plants to salt. Recently, transgenic technology using halophilic bacteria MDH has been proposed to improve the salt tolerance of crops, such as Dunaliella Salina D.salina and D.bardwil is the most salt-tolerant eukaryote discovered so far. The cloning and sequence analysis of their MDH gene can lay a foundation for the study of plant salt tolerance. |
Clinical significance | elevated serum MDH activity is common in the following diseases: 1. Liver disease in the early stage of viral hepatitis, the serum total MDH activity and the increase of m-MDH were positively correlated with the severity of the disease, but when the liver tissue appeared necrosis, the serum c-MDH increased more obviously, indicative of poor prognosis. The total activity of serum MDH in patients with primary liver cancer, liver metastases and other toxic liver injury will also increase to varying degrees. 2. Acute myocardial infarction: acute myocardial infarction in patients with serum MDH activity increased significantly, up to the upper limit of the normal reference value of more than 3 times, the change time course: 24~48h Peak, 10 ~ 14d back to normal. Therefore, the combined detection of MDH, CK, LDH and AST is helpful to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. 3. Other diseases: kidney disease, rheumatoid and rheumatic diseases, traumatic shock, blood system diseases, also can be seen in different levels of serum MDH activity increased. |